Le Moustier is an archeological site consisting of two in Peyzac-le-Moustier, a village in the Dordogne, France. It is known for a complete skeleton of the species Homo neanderthalensis that was discovered in 1908. The Mousterian tool culture is named after Le Moustier, which was first excavated from 1863 by the Englishman Henry Christy and the Frenchman Édouard Lartet. In 1979, Le Moustier was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List along with other nearby archeological sites as part of the Prehistoric Sites and Decorated Caves of the Vézère Valley.
Skeleton
The skeleton known as "Le Moustier" is estimated to be approximately 45,000 years old.
[ Australian Museum Retrieved] The characteristics of its skull include a large nasal cavity and a somewhat less developed
brow ridge and
occipital bun, as might be expected in a juvenile.
After discovery, the skull was dismantled, cast and reconstructed at least four times. During this process, the skull received considerable amounts of damage; for example, after it was sold to the Ethnological Museum of Berlin, a dentist broke the alveolar bone to access the teeth. It was later damaged in the Allied bombing of Berlin during the Second World War, then looted by the USSR, which returned the remains of the skull to the German Democratic Republic in 1958.
Le Moustier sup.jpg|Upper shelter
Le Moustier inf.jpg|Lower shelter
Flint, Moustier 1863.jpg|Flint handaxe, excavated 1863, British Museum
Franks HouseDSCF7158.jpg|A box of side scrapers excavated by Lartet and Christy
Museum für Vor- und Frühgeschichte Berlin 069A (complete skull).jpg| Le Moustier 1 skull today in Neues Museum Berlin.
File:Le Moustier skull in Berlin reconstitution.jpg|Le Moustier 1 Neanderthal facial reconstitution, Neues Museum Berlin
Stone tools
Study of the artifacts found in Le Moustier reveals the use of
glue made from a mixture of
ocher and
bitumen by Middle Paleolithic humans to make hand grips for cutting and scraping stone tools.
Experiments by archaeologists showed that the mass was sufficiently sticky so that a small stone tool could get stuck in it and the mass could serve as a handle, but the hands remained clean. This presupposes knowledge of both material characteristics and that a combination of these substances results in a new material. In addition, both components, bitumen and ochre, had to be gathered from different deposits far away from each other. This required planning and foresight in order to optimise the flint blades accordingly.
See also
-
List of fossil sites (with link directory)
-
List of hominina (hominid) fossils (with images)
External links
